Liner segment



N0v- 281 1939- c. B. cusHwA Er A1.

LINER SEGMENTv 2 sheets-sheer 1 Filed April 50, 1938 INVENTORS l Char/esB.Cushw a,-& 1 Thamas 1..whi+e M x M Nov. 28, 1939. Q B CUSHWA 'Er AL V2,181,508

LINER SEGMENT Filed April Aso. 1958 2 sheets-sheet 2 4Z INVEN-ros ThomasL.Whle

50 Charles B. Cus hwa the bending force.

Patented Nov, 28, 1.939

f UNITED. STATES MT1-:Nr OFFICE 2,181,508 LINER, SEGMENT v charles B.cu'shvra and Thomas L. white,-

Youngstown, Ohio, assignors to The Commercial shearing & StampingCompany, a. corporation of Ohio Application April 30, 1938, Serial No.2051304 5 claims. (01.'61-45) This invention relates to linings forearth borings and, in particular, to a liner segment adapted to beformed from steel plate and to be assembled end to end with othersimilar segments forming continuous lining rings. Such rings areassembled side by side in a manner to form a complete lining. l Numerousforms of liner segments have been proposed heretofore and it is theprincipal object of our invention to improve upon the segments whichhave been used previously both from the standpoint of economy ofmanufacture and ease and convenience in erection, while at the same timeproviding a segment of ample strength to support the load to which`linngs `are usually subjected.

Linings for earth borings are subject to certain well defined forces,such asring thrust, ring bending, bending of segments, etc. Ring thrustis the circular thrust going around the ring setting up compressionstresses in the metal. 'I'his ring thrust is distributed over thesectional area of the segment and must be transmitted across the jointsbetween the segments of each ring.

Bending is caused by unequal loading of the ring and is resisted by thesection modulus of the segment. The joints between segments of each ringmust be strong enough to withstand Staggering of the jointsin theadjacent courses is of assistance in this respect, each course acting asa splic`e"\or the adjacent course. Local bending of individual seg-`ments is resisted by the section modulus of the segments takencircumferentially of the lining. It will be seen, therefore, that thelstrength of `the joints is of extreme importance.

In a preferred form of the invention, our liner v segment comprises acurved plate having stiifening corrugations extending therealong,preferably though not necessarily throughout the entire length thereof.End walls extend inwardly from the plate adjacent the ends thereof, inone form of the invention, one of said walls being located substantiallyat one end of the plate, the other being spaced inwardly from the otherend thereof. Securing means Ysuch as bolts passing through the end wallsconnect adjacent plates rigidly together. Each segment is overlapped byone of the other adjacent segments.

These structural features provide the strengthA necessary to resist theforces above mentioned. In anothergform of the invention we dispensewith the end walls and provide means for rigidly described connectingAthe segments end to end, as will be in greater detail hereafter, withrefer- .ence to the ,accompanying drawings illustrating a preferredembodiment as well as the modification thereof. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a partial side elevation of a lining composed of segments ofthe preferred form;

Fig. 2 is a partial plan view thereof;

Fig. 3V is a sectional view taken along the line III-III of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of Fig. 2;

Figs. 5 and 6 show adjacent segments in section as in Fig. 4 butseparated from each other/instead of connected together;

Fig. 7 is a partial side elevation of one end of the segment to anenlarged lscale;

Fig. 8 is a partial plan view of a lining composed of segments of amodified form;

Fig.4 9 is a partial sectional view taken along a tunnel or the like inaccordance with the invention is indicated generally at Ill.A The liningis composed of segments II assembled end to end to form rings such asindicated at AI2 and I3. These rings are built up in side by side re-ylation to the desired length within the tunnel or other boring.

The segments II are formed from steel plate and are provided withcorrugations I4 which preferably extend the full length-of the plates.

As shown in Fig. 1, each segment includes a skin plate curved to thedesired radius, and end walls I5 and I6 extending inwardly therefrom.Both end walls are shaped to conform to the corrugations of the plate asshown' in Fig. 3 and are welded to the plate as at I1. .-As shown inFig. 6, the end wall 4I5 is welded to the//skin plate ush with the endthereof. The end wall I6, however, as shown in Fig. 5, is welded toAtheskin plate in a position spaced inwarfdly from the other extreme endthereof. Byyvirtue of this position of the end wall I6, one end of eachvsegment (the right-hand end shown in the drawings) overhangs the end ofthe adjacent segment as at I8 in Fig'. 4. The end walls areprovided itis normally. subject and makes `each ring of with alined holes adaptedto receive connecting bolts I3 by which the abutting ends of twoadjacent segments may be drawn rmly together and rigidly connected. Therigidity of this connection provides sufiicient strength in thecompleted lining to withstand the stresses to which the liningself-supnrting as it is erected, the connection between segments beingsuch `that jstress applied to one segment is communicated across thejoints between it and adjacent segments to the remainder of the ring.The endto-end joint shown is 100% eilicient in trans- Y mitting thrustaround the ring.` Bolts I9a traforming the body of the segment. Becauseof the shapeof-the corrugations I4, the lapped portions of adjacentvplates will nest closely as shown in Fig. 3. Since the side walls ofplates assembled in end to end relation are in the same plane,`

however, portions of both sid walls of each segment are cut out adjacentthe end wall I5 as indicated at 2 I to receive the overhanging sideWalls of the adjacent segmentv as shown in Fig;

',4.- The side walls are also provided with bolt holes whereby each ringmay be connected to the adjoining rings by vbolts 2-2.

It will be apparent from the foregoing description that the segmentshown in Figs. 1 through 7 makest possible, at relatively low cost, toprovide a strong, rigid liningfor earth boresvcharacterized by tightjoints and relatively light weight. The facility with which the liningmay be erected is a further important advantage because the work ofassembly is performed within thev lining where workingspace is verylimited.

Referring now to Figs. 8 through l2, a modified form of segment 30 isprovided with side walls 3I and corrugations 32 extending throughout thelength thereof. The segment 30 is curved longitudinally in the samemanner as the segment II and has intermediate transverse reinforcingmembers 30a similar to -those shown at l5a.

Opposite ends of each segment are provided with depressions orprotuberances 33 and 34 so shaped and dimensioned Athat they form matingportions, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, when the ends of adjacent segmentsare lapped for connection as by bolts 35 extending through alined holesin connect adjacent rings of the lining in the manner already explained.

` The segment shown in Figs. 8 through .12 is characterized by all theadvantages aforementioned with reference to the form of the inventionrstdescribed. as well as the additional advantage of still lower cost inthat no end walls are employed. The mating recesses 33 and 34 make theend-to-end joints efficient in transmitting thrust and-the bolts passingthrough the crests and troughs of the corrugations are likewise veryelcient in transmitting bending stress.

A further form of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 13. vThis form issimilar to that of' Figs. 8 through 12 in all respects except that ithas no side wall as such, the edges of the segments of adjacent ringsbeing lapped as at 40, one edge of each segment being pressed downwardlyas at 4I to permit such lapping. The lapped edges are connected by bolts42 and the nuts 43 cooperating therewith may be Welded to the edges ofthe segments in alinement with the bolt holes to facilitate assembly.

while we have illustrated and described herein only a preferred form ofthe invention with two modiflcationsthereof, it will be understood thatvarious other changes in the invention disclosed may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit thereof or the scope of the appended claims.

1. A liner segment comprising a skin plate curved along one dimensionand having corrugations extending along said dimension, depressionsformed adjacent one end of the plate and protuberances at the other', apair of said segments being adapted to be assembled en d to end inpartly lapped relation wherein the protuberances at one end of asegmentmate with the depressions Vin the4 end of the adjacent segment,said depressions and protuberances being disposed at the crests andtroughs of said corrugations.

2. A lap joint connecting the edge of one plate to the edge of anadjacent plate, said plates being curved along their dimensionperpendicular to their lapping edges and vhaving corrugations extendingin the direction of curvature, said joint including depressions spacedapart along the lap- -ping edge of said one plate, protuberancessimilarly spaced along the lapped edge of the adjacent plate, saidprotuberances nesting in said depressions-when the edge of saidfirst-mentioned plate is in lapping relationA to the edge of saidadjacent plate with their corrugations nesting, and means securing thelapped edges of said plates together, said depressions vandprotuberances being tapered whereby they nest tightly.

, 3. A liner segment comprising aA curved metal plate havingcorrugations extending along one dimension thereof, said'corrugationsbeing 'deformed adjacent their ends to provide protuberances and socketsadapted to intert on lapping the end of one segment over the end ofanother.

4. A liner segment comprising a. curved metal plate having corrugationsextending'along one dimension thereof, said corrugations having troughsand crestsvdened by cylindrical surfaces and connecting portionsextending therebetween dened by conical surfaces.

5. A liner segment comprising acurved me-r,

tal plate having corrugations extending along one dimension thereof,said corrugations being deformed adjacent their ends to provide protuberances and sockets adapted to interflt on lappingthe end of onesegment over the end of another, and holes'through said plates adjacentsaidprotuberances and sockets, adapted to receive fasteners for securingadjacent gether in end lapped relation.

Y x CHARLES B. CUSHWA.

THOMAS n wnI'rE.

plates to-

